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The article provides an overview of international and Russian literature on the genesis and development of System Research in IR studies, demonstrates the emergence of System Research in Russia and in the world, the development of the general theory of systems. It is shown that at the fi rst stage, the representatives of natural sciences tried to identify the isomorphism between the international relations system and other systems (biological, physical). In this context, the attempts to form a general theory of international confl ict could be viewed. It is noted that at the beginning of the 1970s, these attempts ended unsuccessfully in general. The second area of international relations system modeling is related to the work of structural realists, primarily K. Waltz and M. Kaplan. Despite the fact that in their papers the verbal analysis dominates over the formal international relations system model, they have madea signifi cant contribution to the political science in perception of the systems theory. The paper also describes the system modeling in the context of the Neo-Marxist theory of international relations, fi rst and foremost, in the meaning of the I. Wallerstein's world-system theory. Special attention is paid to the systemic research crisis in the IR science at the turn of 1980-1990s, also due to a sharp change in the international situation, and the transition from a predominantly deterministic world of the Cold War to the post-bipolar non-equilibrium international system. The authors clearly reveal the evolution of the international relations perception in terms of the systems theory. They also illustrate the intensifi cation of the international system modeling in the XXIst century on the basis of a new methodology - via the use of the more sophisticated complexity theory (the theory of complex systems), as well as by adapting the sociological theory of structuration by A. Giddens in political sciences. Showing the most promising areas of the complexity theory practical application in the modeling of international relations - agentbased modeling and simulation of system dynamics, - the authors enumerate the most promising spheres for the system modeling in international studies.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- About the Author -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 The Economics of Humanity‐Ending Catastrophes, Natural and Man‐made: Introduction -- 1.1 Fables of Catastrophes in Three Worlds -- 1.2 Feared Catastrophic Events -- 1.3 Global or Universal Catastrophes -- 1.4 A Multidisciplinary Review of Catastrophe Studies -- 1.5 Economics of Catastrophic Events -- 1.6 Empirical Studies of Behaviors Under Catastrophes -- 1.7 Designing Policies on Catastrophic Events -- 1.8 Economics of Catastrophes Versus Economics of Sustainability -- 1.9 Road Ahead -- References -- Chapter 2 Mathematical Foundations of Catastrophe and Chaos Theories and Their Applications -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Catastrophe Theory -- 2.2.1 Catastrophe Models and Tipping Points -- 2.2.2 Regulating Mechanisms -- 2.3 Chaos Theory -- 2.3.1 Butterfly Effect -- 2.3.2 The Lorenz Attractor -- 2.4 Fractal Theory -- 2.4.1 Fractals -- 2.4.2 The Mandelbrot Set -- 2.4.3 Fractals, Catastrophe, and Power Law -- 2.5 Finding Order in Chaos -- 2.6 Catastrophe Theory Applications -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Philosophies, Ancient and Contemporary, of Catastrophes, Doomsdays, and Civilizational Collapses -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Environmental Catastrophes: Silent Spring -- 3.3 Ecological Catastrophes: The Ultimate Value Is Wilderness -- 3.4 Climate Doomsday Modelers -- 3.5 Collapsiology: The Archaeology of Civilizational Collapses -- 3.6 Pascal's Wager: A Statistics of Infinity of Value -- 3.7 Randomness in the Indian School of Thoughts -- 3.8 The Road to the Economics of Catastrophes -- References -- Chapter 4 Economics of Catastrophic Events: Theory -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Defining Catastrophic Events: Thresholds -- 4.3 Defining Catastrophic Events: Tail Distributions

Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction Mads Rosendahl Thomsen and Jacob Wamberg -- Part One Paradigms and Transformations -- 1 Humanism Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht -- 2 The Self and Subjectivity: Why the Enlightenment Is Relevant for Posthumanism Karin Kukkonen -- 3 Transhumanism Stefan Lorenz Sorgner -- 4 The Non-Human, Systems, and New Materialism Rick Dolphijn -- 5 The Anthropocene Pieter Vermeulen -- 6 The Ahuman Patricia MacCormack -- 7 Posthumanism: Critical, Speculative, Biomorphic David Roden -- 8 Rising Negentropy, Evolutionary Reboots, and Gaia as Attractor: Toward a Map of Contemporaneous Posthumanist Positions Jacob Wamberg -- Part Two Ethics -- 9 Environmentalisms and Posthumanisms Ursula K. Heise -- 10 Nonhuman Politics and Its Practices Iwona Janicka -- 11 Posthuman Feminist Ethics: Unveiling Ontological Radical Healing Francesca ­Ferrando -- 12 Race, Technology, and Posthumanism Holly Flint Jones and Nicholaos Jones -- 13 The Unity of Humanity Steve Fuller -- 14 Toward Posthuman Human Rights? Upendra Baxi -- 15 Disability, Neo-Materialism, and the Biopolitics of the Project of Western Man: Toward a Posthumanist Disability Theory David T. Mitchell and Sharon L. Snyder -- 16 Therapy, Enhancement, and the Posthuman Sarah Chan -- Part Three Technology -- 17 What Can We Learn from Eugenics? Nicholas Agar -- 18 The Medicalization of the Posthuman Transformation Trajectory Søren Holm -- 19 Life Extension and the Pursuit of Immortality Andy Miah -- 20 Sport, Technoscience, and Posthumanist Athletics Rayvon D. Fouché -- 21 Data and Information in the Posthuman Sensorium David Chandler -- 22 Robots and Artificial Intelligence: Posthumanism as Robophilosophy Johanna Seibt -- 23 Posthumanist Learning and Education Cathrine Hasse -- Part Four Aesthetics.